Which factors can raise or lower dementia risk?

Dementia, as defined by the NHS, is not a single disease but a group of symptoms caused by the gradual decline of brain function. This decline can affect memory, language, problem-solving and thinking speed.

Although around 65 per cent of dementia risk comes from factors we cannot control, such as age and family history, there are still lifestyle choices that can make a difference.

A Lancet review highlights several modifiable risk factors linked to dementia. This does not mean dementia is easily preventable or curable, but it does suggest that addressing these factors could reduce the number of people who develop it.

Modifiable risk factors include:

• Low education levels
• Midlife hearing loss
• Physical inactivity
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Type 2 diabetes
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Depression
• Social isolation

As dementia develops from a combination of factors, making small but consistent lifestyle changes can have a meaningful impact.

Practical steps to reduce dementia risk

Adopt a Mediterranean-style diet. Rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, whole grains, olive oil and fish, this diet supports cardiovascular health and can help manage obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Stay physically active. Meeting the recommended activity levels for adults not only supports heart health but also helps regulate weight, blood pressure and blood sugar.

Challenge your brain. Cognitive training through puzzles, memory tasks or reasoning exercises may help maintain thinking skills.

Stay socially engaged. Join a book club, organise coffee mornings or take part in local activities to protect against isolation.

Quit smoking. Stopping tobacco use improves circulation, heart health and overall well-being.

Genetics and lifestyle: what new research shows

A study supports the Lancet’s findings and adds hopeful news. Even people with a high genetic risk of dementia can reduce their chances of developing it through healthy habits. Researchers found that common genetic variants linked to dementia can double the risk, but maintaining good cardiovascular health can cut that risk in half.

“We have long known genetics is not destiny,” explains Dr Sudha Seshadri, founding director of the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases. “Healthy lifestyle choices can lower the impact of family history and genetic risk. This applies to both low and high genetic risk of dementia. It is never too soon or too late to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle.”

Participants with the highest genetic risk were 2.6 times more likely to develop dementia compared with those with the lowest risk. Yet the evidence consistently shows that heart health plays a central role in dementia and Alzheimer’s risk.

How can Cavendish Homecare help?

At Cavendish Homecare we are experts in providing dementia homecare for clients who want to remain in their own homes. When it comes to your health and well-being, choosing the right homecare package is of utmost importance and navigating this process can be overwhelming. With Cavendish Homecare by your side, you’ll have the support you need to remain safely at home while enjoying elevated health and wellbeing.

If you would like to enquire about our homecare services, contact us on, 02030085210 or email us at info@cavendishhomecare.com.

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