Stages of MND

Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a devastating condition characterised by the gradual loss of motor funcion. As the disease advances, it affects the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles, leading to a steady decline in a person’s physical abilities. Understanding the typical path of this progression is vital for patients, families, and caregivers.

How MND progresses

Motor neurone disease gets gradually worse over time. Swallowing, breathing and moving around become increasingly difficult. These worsening symptoms result in the need of treatments such as feeding tube or breathing air through a face mask. Eventually, the condition is fatal, however, there are various factors affecting how long it takes to reach this stage.

The definition of the stages of motor neurone disease (MND) is set out by the progression of its symptoms.

Photo Credit: Mayo Clinic

Early Stages

Stage One

In the initial phase, symptoms usually start on one side of the body before spreading.

The first noticeable signs often are

• Weakness in hands and grip
• Slurred speech
• Weakness in legs
• Cramps and muscle twitching

These may initially be mild and intermittent, often mistaken for normal aging and fatigue. Early interventions during early stage of MND are critical to maximize the effectiveness of treatment and slowing disease progression.

Stage Two

Stage two exhibits a progression of symptoms from the subtle changes observed in the previous stage. Muscle weakness becomes more noticeable and widespread, affecting multiple limbs and muscle groups. Activities of daily living, such as buttoning a shirt or holding utensils, may become difficult. Moreover, as a result of affected walking and balance, individuals may develop an increased dependence on walking aids, such as canes and walkers.

• A key aspect of this stage is that cognitive functions usually remain unaffected. Individuals are therefore able to actively participate in planning their care and continue to maintain their social connections.

Middle Stage

Stage Three

In this stage, symptoms become more severe, leading to a significant decline in functionality.

• Muscle weakness is severe, more prevalent and affects most muscle groups throughout the body.
• Speech becomes increasingly slurred, and swallowing difficulties lead to an increased risk of choking.
• Fine motor skills are profoundly impaired, tasks such as dressing, eating and grooming are progressively more challenging.
• Individuals may be experiencing slurred speech patterns, swallowing difficulties and increased risk of choking.
• Cognitive functions commonly remain unscathed, allowing individuals awareness and participation in decision-making.

Advanced Stages

Stage Four

This stage brings significant limitations in mobility and wheelchair assistance may be necessary. Swallowing and speech difficulties increase, which results in required assistance of communication aids and altered diets to prevent aspiration.

Stage Five

The most advanced stage of MND.

• Individuals in this stage are typically predominantly or completely immobile, with paralysis affecting most muscles of their body.
• Full assistance with activities of daily living is needed, notwithstanding personal care, grooming and feeding.
• Speech may be lost or severely impaired and alternative communication methods, such as eye gaze devices or communication boards in place.
• Dehydration, malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia are a point of concern at this point due to swallowing difficulties.

Last Stages

Throughout the last stages, individuals typically remain mentally and cognitively alert, despite their extensive physical limitations. Palliative care at this stage is vital to manage symptoms and provide comfort together with support for the individual and their loved ones during the end-of-life process. The duration of this final stage is unpredictable, ranging from several months to several years. Discussions about end-of-life wishes are imperative to ensure that the support they receive aligns with their preferences and desires.

How can Cavendish Homecare help?

At Cavendish Homecare we are experts in providing Motor Neurone Disease homecare for clients who want to remain in their own homes. When it comes to your health and well-being, choosing the right homecare package is of utmost importance and navigating this process can be overwhelming. With Cavendish Homecare by your side, you’ll have the support you need to remain safely at home while enjoying elevated health and wellbeing.

If you would like to enquire about our homecare services, contact us on, 02030085210 or email us at info@cavendishhomecare.com.

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